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Hip impingement



Hip impingement, also known as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), is a condition characterised by abnormal contact between the bones of the hip joint. It can cause pain, limited mobility, and, if left untreated, may lead to hip osteoarthritis.


Understanding Hip Impingement:

Hip impingement occurs when the ball-shaped head of the femur and the socket of the hip joint, called the acetabulum, rub against each other during movement. This repetitive friction can damage the cartilage, labrum (a ring of soft tissue that lines the socket), and the bone, resulting in pain and functional limitations.


Causes and Risk Factors:

The exact causes of hip impingement are not always clear, but there are several factors that can contribute to its development:

  1. Structural Abnormalities: Individuals with structural irregularities in the hip joint, such as a misshapen femoral head or a shallow acetabulum, are more prone to impingement.

  2. Genetics: Genetic factors may play a role in the development of hip impingement. Certain genetic conditions, such as developmental dysplasia of the hip, can increase the risk.

  3. Overuse or Sports-Related Activities: Repetitive hip movements, particularly in activities that involve excessive flexion or rotation, such as dancing, football, or racquet sports, can contribute to impingement.

Common Symptoms:

Hip impingement can manifest in various ways, and symptoms can vary among individuals. Common signs and symptoms include:

  1. Groin pain or discomfort, often worsened with activity.

  2. Limited range of motion in the hip joint, especially during flexion or rotation.

  3. Hip stiffness or a sensation of catching or locking.

  4. Pain that radiates to the buttocks or outer thigh.

  5. Difficulty in performing activities such as sitting for prolonged periods, walking long distances, or climbing stairs.

Treatment Options:

The treatment for hip impingement focuses on reducing pain, improving hip function, and preventing further damage. The approach to treatment may vary depending on the severity of the condition and the individual's specific needs. The following treatment options are commonly utilized:

  • Conservative Management:

    • Rest: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms and reducing weight-bearing.

    • Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises to stabilise the hip joint and improve range of motion.

    • Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to alleviate pain and inflammation.


  • Injections:

    • Corticosteroid Injections: Administered directly into the hip joint to provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation.


  • Surgical Intervention:

    • Arthroscopic Surgery: Minimally invasive procedure involving the use of small incisions and specialised instruments to reshape the bone, repair damaged tissues, or remove impinging structures.

    • Open Surgery: In more severe cases, open surgery may be necessary to address complex impingement issues, correct structural abnormalities, or replace damaged hip joints.


Recovery and Rehabilitation:

After surgical intervention, a comprehensive rehabilitation program is typically recommended. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in strengthening the hip joint, restoring range of motion, and facilitating a safe return to regular activities. The duration and intensity of rehabilitation will depend on the individual's specific circumstances and the type of surgery performed.



Hip impingement can significantly impact an individual's quality of life, but with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis can be favourable. Seeking medical attention when symptoms arise is essential for an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.

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