Top 5 Evidence-Based Tips for Effectively Managing Axial Spondylitis

Axial spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune condition that can severely impact daily life. It primarily affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints in the pelvis, causing pain and stiffness. Fortunately, with appropriate management strategies, individuals can significantly improve their quality of life. Here are five evidence-based tips that can help people manage their symptoms effectively.

1. Engage in Regular Exercise

Regular physical activity is vital for those with axial spondylitis. Engaging in low-impact exercises can enhance flexibility, reduce stiffness, and strengthen spinal muscles. For example, swimming has been shown to lessen pain and improve endurance. In fact, studies indicate that individuals who swim at least twice a week report a 30% reduction in discomfort.

A balanced exercise routine should include stretching, strengthening, and aerobic activities. Yoga, in particular, can help improve posture and flexibility. Remember to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new exercise program to tailor it to your unique needs.

2. Utilise Physical Therapy

Working with a physical therapist can be a game changer for managing axial spondylitis. Physical therapists can craft personalised treatment plans that may include specific stretches, exercises, and even posture correction. Research shows that patients who participate in physical therapy experience a 40% improvement in functionality and a notable decrease in pain levels over a three-month period.

Physical therapy targets not just immediate pain relief but also works on long-term spinal alignment, contributing to better overall health for individuals battling AS.

3. Manage Pain with Medications

Early use of biologic therapy when needed. There is strong evidence to support the use of TNF inhibitors and IL-17 inhibitors

• Why it matters: Biologics like adalimumab, etanercept (TNF blockers), and secukinumab (IL-17 blocker) are effective for patients not responding well to NSAIDs.

• Personalisation: Choice depends on disease phenotype (e.g., extra-articular symptoms), access, and tolerability.

4. Maintain a Healthy Diet

What you eat can significantly affect inflammation and symptoms associated with axial spondylitis. An anti-inflammatory diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats is beneficial. For instance, salmon and mackerel are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to reduce inflammation. Research indicates that those who consume a diet high in these foods report a 25% improvement in overall well-being.

Moreover, staying well-hydrated and reducing the intake of processed foods can decrease joint strain. Maintaining a healthy weight is also important, as losing just 5-10% of body weight can alleviate pressure on the spine and joints.

5. Prioritise Sleep Hygiene

Quality sleep is essential for recovery, yet many with axial spondylitis struggle with sleep disturbances due to pain. Establishing a consistent sleep routine can help. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night. Creating a comfortable sleep environment—such as a cool, dark room—and using supportive pillows can make a big difference.

Incorporating relaxation techniques, like gentle stretching or mindfulness meditation, before bed can enhance sleep quality. Individuals who practice good sleep hygiene report feeling more energetic and less fatigued during the day.

Whilst not evidenced-based, cold water exposure (like cold showers, ice baths, or swimming in cold water) is a popular wellness trend, but when it comes to axial spondyloarthritis some report it to reduce pain and improve wellbeing.