Hoffa's fat pad, also known as the infrapatellar fat pad, is a structure located in the front of the knee joint, just below the kneecap (patella). It is a fatty tissue that serves as a cushion and provides protection to the knee joint. Hoffa's fat pad can become a source of pain and discomfort when it becomes impinged or irritated, a condition referred to as Hoffa's fat pad impingement.
Hoffa's fat pad impingement can result from various factors, including:
Overuse: Repeated bending, twisting, or impact on the knee joint, such as in sports activities, can lead to irritation and impingement of the fat pad.
Trauma: A direct blow or injury to the front of the knee can cause inflammation and impingement of the fat pad.
Excessive weight or obesity: Carrying excess body weight places added pressure on the knee joint, leading to potential irritation of Hoffa's fat pad.
Gait abnormalities: An abnormal walking or running pattern can contribute to excessive pressure on the knee, leading to impingement.
Common signs and symptoms of Hoffa's fat pad impingement may include:
Anterior knee pain: Patients often report a sharp or aching pain in the front of the knee, just below the patella.
Swelling and inflammation: The fat pad may become inflamed and swollen, leading to localised tenderness and discomfort.
Limited range of motion: Pain and swelling can restrict knee movement, making it difficult to fully bend or straighten the knee.
Pain with activities: Pain is often exacerbated during activities that involve knee flexion or weight-bearing, such as squatting, climbing stairs, or running.
Crepitus: Some individuals may experience a crackling or popping sensation when moving the knee due to friction within the fat pad.
To diagnose Hoffa's fat pad impingement, a healthcare provider will typically perform a physical examination of the knee, review the patient's medical history, and may use diagnostic imaging techniques, such as MRI, to assess the condition of the fat pad and the surrounding structures.
Treatment for Hoffa's fat pad impingement often begins with conservative measures, including:
Rest: Reducing or modifying activities that exacerbate symptoms.
Ice and anti-inflammatory medications: To alleviate pain and swelling.
Physical therapy: Targeted exercises can help improve knee strength, flexibility, and alignment.
Bracing or taping: These techniques can help relieve pressure on the fat pad.
In cases where conservative treatment does not provide relief, more invasive options, such as corticosteroid injections or, rarely, surgical intervention to remove or release the irritated fat pad, may be considered.
It's essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and individualised treatment plan if you suspect you have Hoffa's fat pad impingement, as this condition can cause chronic knee pain and may worsen if left untreated.
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