Sinus Tarsi Syndrome is a condition characterised by pain and instability in the sinus tarsi, a small cavity located between the talus and calcaneus (ankle and heel bones) on the outside of the foot. This syndrome often results from an injury, such as an ankle sprain, or from repetitive stress to the foot and ankle.
Causes of Sinus Tarsi Syndrome:
Ankle Sprains: A common cause is an inversion ankle sprain, where the ankle rolls inward, causing damage to the structures within the sinus tarsi.
Repetitive Stress: Activities involving frequent running, jumping, or twisting motions can lead to overuse of the sinus tarsi.
Inflammation: Chronic inflammation due to conditions like arthritis or abnormal foot mechanics (such as flat feet) can also contribute.
Symptoms of Sinus Tarsi Syndrome:
Pain: Localised pain on the outside of the ankle, especially when standing or walking on uneven surfaces.
Instability: A feeling of the ankle being unstable or giving way.
Swelling and Tenderness: Tenderness to touch in the sinus tarsi area.
Difficulty with Movement: Discomfort during movements that involve twisting or turning the foot.
Treatment for Sinus Tarsi Syndrome:
Rest and Activity Modification:
Reducing or avoiding activities that cause pain or stress to the foot (e.g., running, jumping) allows healing to occur.
Ice and Compression:
Applying ice to the area can reduce inflammation and pain, while compression bandages help manage swelling.
Medications:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can be used to manage pain and reduce inflammation.
Physical Therapy:
Strengthening Exercises: Focuses on improving ankle stability and strength.
Stretching Exercises: Especially for the calf muscles and Achilles tendon to relieve tension.
Proprioception Exercises: Help to improve balance and prevent further instability in the ankle.
Orthotics:
Custom-made orthotics or supportive footwear can help correct abnormal foot mechanics, such as overpronation (flat feet), which can alleviate stress on the sinus tarsi.
Steroid Injections:
Corticosteroid injections into the sinus tarsi area can help reduce inflammation and pain if other treatments are ineffective.
Surgical Intervention:
In cases where conservative treatments fail, surgery may be necessary. The procedure usually involves removing damaged tissue or stabilising the ankle to reduce instability.
Prevention:
Strengthening and stabilising the muscles around the ankle and wearing supportive footwear can help prevent the recurrence of Sinus Tarsi Syndrome. Proper treatment of ankle sprains is crucial to avoid the development of this condition.
Early intervention and consistent rehabilitation can significantly improve outcomes and prevent long-term complications with Sinus Tarsi Syndrome.
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